Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an advanced reproductive procedure that may be beneficial in selected cases in which the number of spermatozoa available is very limited. Examples may include stallions with extremely low numbers of normal motile spermatozoa in their ejaculate or when only a few straws of frozen semen exist. It may also be used when trying to obtain pregnancies from oocytes (eggs) collected from ovaries removed from a mare after euthanasia. The initial procedure in the